Irony in the Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck Essay

Irony in the Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck Many of the events in The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck do not result in the expected manner. Although the Joads seem to be traveling in hope, irony seems to conquer several situations. There are three types of irony: in dramatic irony, the reader sees the characters mistakes, but not the character. In verbal irony, the author means something rather than what is said. Irony of situation is when there is a paradox between the purpose of an action and its result. By observing several situations during the novel, such as the events of the Weedpatch Camp, the death of Casey, and Chapter 29, much irony can be distinguished. During the stay of the Joads in the Weedpatch Camp,†¦show more content†¦First, they search for evil in meaningless fun while filling guilt into the people of the camp. Also, the condemners just watch what occurs instead of making change. Therefore, it seems as though they are enjoying and willing to see sin. To sum up, they are guilty themselves, and it is ironic how the Jesus-lovers see hate instead of love. In all, irony remains as these people misunderstand situations of joy. The instance of Caseys death in Chapter 26, the comparison of the Biblical allusion to Jesus death becomes ironic in situation. As Jim Casey waits in front of a tent of the labor organizers, a group of angry men approach with pick handles. Apparently, the men are outraged at the pay of the peach picking camp, for the price is not sufficient to support families with food. Filled with wrath, these 30 men club Casey in the head, killing him instantly. Beforehand, Casey speaks: Casey stared blindly at the light. He breathed heavily. Listen, he said. You fellas don know what youre doin. Youre helpin to starve kids. (527) The irony of the situation is that Casey works to keep the pay up for the workers in the camp. Instead of attacking the cops, who are trying to keep the price down, the men beat the obvious labor organizers. This can allude to the bible how Jesus Christ worked for peace and change to the oppressed and unjust. Instead, he is crucified for his title and not his action. Therefore, this is similar for theShow MoreRelatedEssay on John Steinbeck and Upton Sinclair: a Comparison1138 Words   |  5 PagesJohn Steinbeck and Upton Sinclair: A Comparison â€Å"The Grapes of Wrath†, written by John Steinbeck and â€Å"The Jungle†, written by Upton Sinclair are two books that have and will forever be impactful on American history and literature. They are both considered very powerful novels. Although these books seem very different, they are much more similar than they seem. Steinbeck tells the story of a family making their way to California amidst the Great Depression and era of the Dust Bowl, while SinclairRead MorePoetry In John Steinbecks The Grapes Of Wrath1463 Words   |  6 PagesI have. 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Cell Phone Coverage More Important Than The Gadget Essay

It is a rare occasion that you do not see a cell phone when walking down the street. These days everyone has a cell phone and if you do not, then the public looks at you in shock. The cell phone has upgraded communication from the typical party line to the wonders of wireless freedom. Cell phone providers entice people with their hands-free, unlimited text and voice, 4G, mp3, Internet, and video capabilities. Children, as young as kindergarten age, have a cell phone and the older retirement generation is learning to text. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a 2010 survey conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics reported, the number of homes in the United States that had wireless-only phones rose by†¦show more content†¦The location of the phone to the vicinity of the base station determines which service area to connect through (Kay, 2010, p. 32). 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Rhetorical Analysis of Dubois Essay Example For Students

Rhetorical Analysis of Dubois Essay Inspiring the Population Through his work, Of Our Spiritual Strivings, W. E. B. Dubois takes the reader on a journey through the typical black mans eyes. He creates a new meaning of the African American man as he shares personal experiences and stories of the past alike. He plays upon the heart strings of every reader, no matter the race, with his literary knowledge of words, use of pathos, and stories of his past experience to pull in emotional ties to his work. The application of dualism allows the reader, who is most commonly white men, to choose a side to sympathize with, for Dubois gives the ense of double consciousness as the African and the American throughout his entire work. The very first thing to be stumbled upon by the reader is the song which Dubois opens his work with. The world was formed off of the great ancestors telling the stories of history through oration. There was no television or radio to find the news of the world, for it was once spread by word of mouth. By placing this poem as the first thing to be read, it gives the reader a thought to ponder of how times have changed since the time of their ancestors. He uses this song as a connection to his ife, for not only was song a way of storytelling, it also represented the black mans spiritual music. It is said that there are two memorable moments in an African Americans life; when he realizes he is black and when he realizes that is a problem. A line from the song, As I lie and listen, and cannot understand(Symons) he identifies with it as how he went through life Just sitting and watching, he could never understand how or why he was a problem. This song allows Dubois to bring in other sources of his pain. Directly after the song, Dubois sets his tone of the reasons for his passionate writing. He begins, between me and the other world there is ever an unasked question: unasked by some through feelings of delicacy; by others through the difficulty of rightly framing it(Dubois 1). He states how the people he meets need not say even a word, because he knows what they are thinking. He knows the thoughts and questions they are pondering in their minds. Without even knowing a thing about him, they make assumptions based on his skin color and not his mind or heart. They immediately look for a way to identify with him by saying that they know an excellent colored man in their town; or, fought at Mechanicsville(l). They find comfort in having something in common with him and being able to form conversation even if it is slightly insulting in a way. Instead of taking these comments from men he does not even know as insults, Dubois takes it lightly, for he has come to expect what these people say and cannot be insulted by them. These unasked questions represent the unwillingness to address the actual issue of why the black man is so neglected. Another incredible asset of Dubois that is noticed throughout his entire work is his ability to retell stories within the work. His story telling allows the reader to feel his ain on a deeper level. He beautifully retells not only stories of the past and of the history of the Negro population, but he also retells stories of his childhood and growing up as an ATrlcan Amerlcan wlt n Tlnesse. I ne most memoraDle story ne tells throughout the work is by far the story of writing a card for another classmate but not having it accepted. He accounts of this when telling, The exchange was merry, till one girl, a tall newcomer, refused my card,†refused it peremptorily, with a glance(2). This marked the day that he realized that he was not like the other boys nd girls in his class. .u483137d64d3b82532420c3e7cc173e07 , .u483137d64d3b82532420c3e7cc173e07 .postImageUrl , .u483137d64d3b82532420c3e7cc173e07 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u483137d64d3b82532420c3e7cc173e07 , .u483137d64d3b82532420c3e7cc173e07:hover , .u483137d64d3b82532420c3e7cc173e07:visited , .u483137d64d3b82532420c3e7cc173e07:active { border:0!important; } .u483137d64d3b82532420c3e7cc173e07 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u483137d64d3b82532420c3e7cc173e07 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u483137d64d3b82532420c3e7cc173e07:active , .u483137d64d3b82532420c3e7cc173e07:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u483137d64d3b82532420c3e7cc173e07 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u483137d64d3b82532420c3e7cc173e07 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u483137d64d3b82532420c3e7cc173e07 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u483137d64d3b82532420c3e7cc173e07 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u483137d64d3b82532420c3e7cc173e07:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u483137d64d3b82532420c3e7cc173e07 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u483137d64d3b82532420c3e7cc173e07 .u483137d64d3b82532420c3e7cc173e07-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u483137d64d3b82532420c3e7cc173e07:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Essay on Christopher Columbus EssayHe enhances his point even further by not only saying that the girl refused once, but he repeats her refusal to get his point across of the pain he felt. She did not even think about accepting the card, but she instead peremptorily refuses it with only a glance at him. Oftentimes throughout the writing, he described himself as being shut out from their world by a vast veil(2). This veil became a symbol of his own world. He would never be able to see the entire picture of the world as the others in his class and in his life see it. This veil served as a film over is vision and in a way, it acted as a prison which he could never escape. Perhaps the thought of being in the veil prison could continue back into history when his ancestors were slaves in their own prison. This veil not only symbolized his own imprisonment, but also how the general population saw him. They never saw the whole picture, for they only saw the outside and never took the time to lift the veil and understand what lay beneath. In both situations, there are no bars or brick walls to be found, rather a higher power accounted for their solitude. This higher power represented by Dubois was the white population. Even after emancipation, the slaves were still captive. They worked only for a place to live and food to eat because they had no money to enter the world as working men in business or in anything other than their learned skill of farming and raising the household. Similarly, Dubois lives in a generation where the black man is free, yet he is still segregated in nearly everything he does. He claims how The Nation has not yet found peace from its sins; the freedman has not yet found in freedom his promised land(8). By writing this, he claims how America is still not perfect, yet no matter how far they have come, the shadow of a deep disappointment rests upon the Negro people(8). His biblical reference to the Promised Land signals the freedoms that were promised with this land that were never received by the black man. He presumes true that the African people with never actually be free. Through his studies, Dubois was highly fascinated in the different forms of writing, whether it be through his play on pathos, through his stories, or his use of literary devices such as catechresis and erotema. Through these techniques, he is able to connect with his audience on a much higher level. Dubois wrote his work with the nowledge that his audience would be mostly white. Having a mostly white audience means that they would be Judging his work as a stab at the white population. Instead of bringing forth anger and hatred from his audience he is able to evoke sadness and compassion for the experiences he was put through and the pain he endured. Especially in the story of his childhood card giving gone awry, he is able to put forth pathos and bring the reader to his level. By doing this he gives the reader a much better understanding of what he went through, essentially allowing them to walk a mile in his shoes. His use of literary devices may show the reader that Dubois has a great knowledge in many different subjects, but it also allows him to captivate his audience. He is able to avoid the continual use of the Negro population or ATrlcan Amerlcans Dy uslng tne pnrase sons 0T tne nlgnt'(2). I nls also aaas a more sophisticated stance to his writing and makes a more poetic mark. He uses erotema to allow the audience to ask themselves a question without providing an answer. He makes them ponder thoughts such as how does it feel to be a problem. (l). Rhetorical questions imply agreement. .u84b923051ca1078990c709e1b9472a86 , .u84b923051ca1078990c709e1b9472a86 .postImageUrl , .u84b923051ca1078990c709e1b9472a86 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u84b923051ca1078990c709e1b9472a86 , .u84b923051ca1078990c709e1b9472a86:hover , .u84b923051ca1078990c709e1b9472a86:visited , .u84b923051ca1078990c709e1b9472a86:active { border:0!important; } .u84b923051ca1078990c709e1b9472a86 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u84b923051ca1078990c709e1b9472a86 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u84b923051ca1078990c709e1b9472a86:active , .u84b923051ca1078990c709e1b9472a86:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u84b923051ca1078990c709e1b9472a86 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u84b923051ca1078990c709e1b9472a86 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u84b923051ca1078990c709e1b9472a86 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u84b923051ca1078990c709e1b9472a86 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u84b923051ca1078990c709e1b9472a86:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u84b923051ca1078990c709e1b9472a86 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u84b923051ca1078990c709e1b9472a86 .u84b923051ca1078990c709e1b9472a86-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u84b923051ca1078990c709e1b9472a86:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Catcher In The Rye- Movie Proposal EssayThere is not answer to be given by the white man but rather an agreement that it must feel terrible to be a problem. Dubois ability to play on these devices allows him to connect with the audience in a new way that Jumps off of the page and into their laps. By using these tools, Dubois created a new way for not only his fellow black men to think, but also a new way for the white men to read. He is able to persuade his audience of what he wants by meeting them in the middle to bring them closer to his level and for him to get closer to their level. He does not have the intentions to hange America, as he states how He would not Africanize America, for America has too much to teach the world and Africa. He would not bleach his Negro soul in a flood of white Americanism, for he knows that Negro blood has a message for the world(4). This desire is not make America a place where the African man is placed at highest priority, but rather to bring more awareness that they exist and are being readily ignored. He allows it to be known that he is not Just an American and he is also not just an African, but rather is an African American. He is the representation ofa nion between two countries and two continents alike. The goal of Dubois was to open the eyes of the American people as to what was going on right in front of their eyes and by writing Of Our Spiritual Strivings, he may not have been able to open the eyes of his audience, but he is able to shed more light upon the topic and place a seed of thought into the readers mind. Works Cited Du Bois, W. E. B. The Souls of Black Folk. Chicago: A. C. McClurg Co. ; : University Press John Wilson and Son, Cambridge, U. S. A. , 1903; Bartleby. com, 1999. www. bartleby. com/1141. 09/19/2013.

Locke and Berkeleyapos;s Views on Representative Realism Essay Example

Locke and Berkeleys Views on Representative Realism Essay Locke and Berkeleys Views on Representative Realism What are Berkeleys main criticisms of Lockes representative realism?Are his objections good ones? Representative realism is the belief that physical objects are independent from the mind and that they carry certain characteristics that have nothing to do with the individual perceiving them.It is the belief that objects exist whether or not they are being perceived or not.John Locke was a realist, who held a strong belief in the idea that physical objects are real and that they carry specific characteristics no matter whom the perceiver is. He held that our perception is not always accurate as it does not always tell us how something really looks or feels or smells, etc. and that objects will always be there, that we, as human beings, perceive ideasfirst and than the physical object itself.We perceive primary qualities, i.e. physical properties.Locke believes that primary qualities, such as motion or shape, are in the objects themsel ves and do not rely on being perceived.Secondary qualities, such as colour or temperature, depend on the mind of the perceiver.They produce specific sensations in us, which affect how we view them.George Berkeley, an idealist, believed that nothing can exist without the mind insofar as characteristics and qualities are not in the object itself but rather in the perceiver.He held that primary qualities are no different from secondary qualities in that they are both mind-dependent.All physical objects depend on the human mind in order for them to exist.They are sensible properties as they are the sum of ideas and views that one has about the object.A good example of Berkeleys views on physical objects and their characteristics is the assimilation argument.He argues that objects do not contain pain or pleasures as they only exist in the perceivers mind.For example, a pin does not contain pain, i

Wolf Lake Fish Hatchery Essays

Wolf Lake Fish Hatchery Essays Wolf Lake Fish Hatchery Essay Wolf Lake Fish Hatchery Essay Wolf Lake Fish Hatchery The facility started operations in 1927 with the purpose of artificial breeding and rearing of fish. One may ask why fish numbers do not deplete despite the continuous fishing in areas like Michigan that earn much revenue from fishing. This facility produces fish for stocking the lakes, streams, and rivers of the state. Transformations have been made on this hatchery since its establishment to accommodate the latest hatching machinery, and more expansions are expected in 2018. The facility operates under the Department of Natural Resources of the state of Michigan whose main objective is preservation of natural resources which are used as recreation facilities thus creating income for the state. The hatchery headed by Martha Wolgamood, the area manager, Matt Hughes is the hatcherys biologist and others who include technicians, maintenance supervisors, fish culture technicians, transportation biologist, a state worker, maintenance mechanics and a trades helper. On a need basis, the hatchery hires fisheries assistant and employees who assist in fish marking (Michigan Department of Natural Resources, 2017). The facility shares a secretary with other three facilities in the region. Wolf Lake Fish Hatchery outsources the fish health services from an Aquatic Animal Health Lab which whose base is at the Michigan State University. Equipment used at the hatchery include the fish weir for harvesting the eggs of the salmon and steelhead fish breed for further breeding. The fish pass allows fish to migrate back to their spawning grounds thus maintaining the fish population. The clarifier collects fish waste and restores the aquatic systems to natural health before getting in the ponds. A specially designed vehicle known as the Petersons stocking unit is used for fish transportation. A polyurethane foam insulates the vehicle to maintain adequate temperatures for fish. The hatchery produces a variety of fish species however they are classified as either cold water or cool water species. The former refers to fish that the hatchery breeds for stocking in either the Great Lakes waters or for cooperative groups while the cool water species are those that can be stocked in either inland waters or the Great Lakes waters. Cold water species kept at the facility include 234,477 chinook salmon spring fingerlings and 459,062 steelhead fall fingerlings trout. The walleye muskegon is the mostly stocked cool water species at 13,155,600. Other cool water species include 53,145 fall and 6,306 spring fingerlings of the Great Lakes muskellunge type. The Wolf Lake Fish Hatchery relies on grants and partnerships assistance for its continuous existence. One their partners is the Michigan Muskie Alliance a group which conserves the Muskie fishery based in Michigan. This team supports the hatchery through financial assistance, volunteer activities and educational exhibits. Other groups that partner with that hatchery include the neighbouring Kalamazoo Nature Center, Audubon Society of Kalamazoo, Michigan Trout Unlimited and the Van Buren Conservation District. Others include state and recreational grants. This hatchery and others contribute between $2.4 billion and $4.2 billion to the economy of the state through fish breeding, stocking and fish sporting activities. The facility creates employment opportunities and facilitates a balance in the ecosystem. Also, the hatchery has nature trails from which some wildlife such as birds and turtles are seen. The visitor centre teaches on the history of Great Lake Fisheries and fish ethics. In conclusion, the Wolf Lake Fish Hatchery is a fantastic place where people should visit and learn more about breeding and rearing of fish for stocking the states lakes and rivers and how it contributes to the economic development of Michigan State. If not that enjoy the hiking through the nature trails spotting various birds species. Reference Michigan Department of Natural Resources. (2017). Wolf Lake State Fish Hatchery. Retrieved from michigan.gov/dnr/0,4570,7-153-10364_52259_28277-22498,00.html

Ella Baker, the Grassroots Civil Rights Organizer

Ella Baker, the Grassroots Civil Rights Organizer Ella Baker was a tireless fighter for the social equality of African-Americans. Whether Baker was supporting local branches of the NAACP, working behind the scenes to establish the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) with Martin Luther King Jr.,  or  mentoring college students through the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), she was always working to push the agenda of the Civil Rights Movement forward.   One of her most famous quotes encapsulates the meaning of her work as a professional grassroots organizer, This may only be a dream of mine, but I think it can be made real. Early Life and Education Born on December 13, 1903, in Norfolk, Va., Ella Jo Baker grew up listening to stories about her grandmothers experiences as a former slave. Bakers grandmother vividly described how slaves rebelled against their owners. These stories laid the foundation for Bakers desire to be a social activist.   Baker attended Shaw University. While attending Shaw University, she began challenging policies established by the school administration. This was Bakers first taste of activism. She graduated in 1927 as valedictorian.   New York City Following her college graduation, Baker moved to New York City. Baker joined the editorial staff of the American West Indian News and later the Negro National News. Baker became a member of the Young Negroes Cooperative League (YNCL). Writer George Schuyler established the YNCL. Baker would serve as the organizations national director, helping African-Americans build economic and political solidarity. Throughout the 1930s, Baker worked for the Workers Education Project, an agency under the Works Progress Administration (WPA). Baker taught classes concerning labor history, African history, and consumer education. She also dedicated her time to actively protesting against social injustices such as Italys invasion of Ethiopia and the Scottsboro Boys case in Alabama. Organizer of the Civil Rights Movement In 1940, Baker began working with local chapters of the NAACP. For fifteen years Baker served as a field secretary and later as director of branches. In 1955, Baker was influenced greatly by the Montgomery Bus Boycott and established In Friendship, an organization that raised funds to fight Jim Crow Laws. Two years later, Baker moved to Atlanta to help Martin Luther King Jr. organize the SCLC. Baker continued her focus on grassroots organizing by running Crusade for Citizenship, a voter registration campaign. By 1960, Baker was assisting young African-American college students in their growth as activists. Inspired by students from North Carolina A T who refused to get up from a Woolworth lunch counter, Baker returned to Shaw University in April 1960. Once at Shaw, Baker helped students participate in the sit-ins. Out of Bakers mentorship, SNCC was established. Partnering with members of the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), SNCC helped organize the 1961 Freedom Rides. By 1964, with the assistance of Baker, SNCC and CORE organized Freedom Summer to register African-Americans to vote in Mississippi and also, to expose the racism existing in the state. Baker also helped establish  the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP). MFDP was a mixed raced organization that gave people not represented in the Mississippi Democratic Party an opportunity to have their voices heard. Although the MFDP was never given a chance to sit at the Democratic Convention, the work of this organization helped to revise a rule allowing women and people of color to sit as delegates at the Democratic Convention. Retirement and Death Up until her death in 1986, Baker remained an activist- fighting for social and political justice not only in the United States but the world.

Mental health (nursing) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Mental health (nursing) - Essay Example Unfortunately, not every has been blessed with sanity. That is, there are millions of people living whose defected minds cannot cope up with the fast-paced world of today. When a person is not mentally fit, he is said to have a mental disorder. This is a psychological or behavioral defect that causes a disability that hinders normal human development. A mental disorder causes one to be labeled as ‘abnormal’, causing severe distress to the patient. There are many different categories of mental disorders - anxiety disorders, mood disorders, dissociative disorders, psychotic disorders, personality disorders, development disorders, sleeping disorders and even eating disorders (Radcliffe, 2000). There is no one cause for every disorder; it is usually explained by a biopsychosocial model, which is the interaction of biological, psychological and social causes (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2007). Mental disorders may not be cured entirely, but there is extensive treatment available. Psychotherapy is one of the basic methods along with medication. A psychologist cannot prescribe medication to the mental patient; a psychiatrist suggests medicines based on the diagnosis. Diagnosis is based on the patient’s history taken by the doctor as there is no other way for him to determine how the patient is feeling. There are many subgroups of the types of medicines available for mental patients – anti depressants (for producing happy hormones and lifting up a person’s mood), anxiolytics (for reducing anxiety and calming a person down; also prescribed for insomnia), mood stabilizers (using for bipolar disorders – extreme mood conditions), antipsychotics (for problems such as schizophrenia), and lastly stimulants (for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder). These medicines are required for a mental patient to remain sane at times; however, there are adverse affects caused by adherence and excessive intake. Psychotherapy is a method which takes a

Should you always be moral Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Should you always be moral - Essay Example Although morality is coalesced with notions like duty, obligation and codes of conduct, Kant has considered morality to include self-imposed law which is free of one's personal gains (Axinn: 1994, p. 39). The concept of morality holds ambiguity in the light of contemporary debates that often debilitates its importance by considering it as an instrument of detachment from one's self. According to Louden, it would be unjust to confine morality into a single 'other-regarding' aspect since a profound analysis of this concept proves a considerable coalescence with the 'self-regarding' aspect. Contrary to the contemporary beliefs that reckon self-importance as a merely anti-moral characteristic, the early Greek philosophers like Socrates gave primary importance to self-perfection thereby placing the welfare of others to a secondary level of morality. Similarly, Kant in the Doctrine of Virtue states that 'if there were no duties to one, then there would be no duties whatsoever'. (Louden, 14 and 15). Such an understanding of morality provides a moderate approach for both the 'self' and 'others' thereby leaving no space for its abeyance. When encountered with the notion of adhering to the moral principles, what comes into question is the reason behind practicing morality - a question first made to Socrates by Thrasymachus (Parsons: 2

Schindler’s List Paragraph Essay Example for Free

Schindler’s List Paragraph Essay This movie gave me the first impression was that everything in the film was black and white. It made me feel depressed and horrible. The images showed that many innocent Jewish people were killed, and arrested as the cheap labors and slaves by Nazi. I am shocked by these inhuman actions during the holocaust. The major character named Schindler goes through the transformation as the result of this holocaust. When he is watching the evacuation ,suddenly a little girl in the red coat apprears in front of him. He sees the person, not the star in front of him, and his perspective has changed. He comes to realise that innocent, harmless Jews are real people. From this point on, Schindler becomes less on exploiting the Jews, and more about saving them. So much so that by the end of the film, he wished he had sold his car and Nazi pin for more Jews. He is starting to understand that the Jews are people. They have feelings, family and had very well established lives. I learn a lot from it. We should show our respect to every life. Everyone is deserved right to live. Hurt anyone for no reason is inhuman and immoral. They are real people. Not just workers, names and numbers. Amon Goeth and Schinder seems like friends in business. They have some common similarities and differences that I can figure out. They are both cold hearted. They see the Jews as a simply way as a slave labors. They don’t recognize them as individuals. They are both self-centred, concentrate on making money and getting profits as much as possible. They are both womanizers during the war. Even though Schindler isn’t a vey nice person, he changed after he opened his eyes to look at those people around him. From then on that he stops seeing the Jews as a tool to make money , instead he tries to save each and every individual Jew that he can. He has saved more than one thousand Jews during the holocaust by employeeing them in his factories. However, Amzom Goeth becomes a conscienceless monster and is executed as a war criminal.

Blood Justice :: essays research papers

How would you like to be accused of a crime and then be disenfranchised because of your race? Well this is what happened to Mark Charles Parker because he allegedly raped June Walters a pregnant white woman on February 23 1959. In Howard Smead’s historical nonfiction book Blood Justice he describes one of the most important investigations of a racist, motivated crime in the history of the United States. Blood Justice is about the killing of Mark Charles Parker and the investigation after his death. Mark Charles Parker was accused of the rape of June Walters which Occurred on March 1, 1959. R. Jess Brown a well-known African American lawyer represented Parker. On April 13th an all white grand jury indited Parker for rape and two counts of kidnapping. On April 17th Parker pleaded not guilty to each charge. Next Parker’s trial date was set for April 27th. Then Brown asked Judge Sebe Dale’s to drop the case because a black man was not on the grand jury. Brown did this because of a recent ruling made by the 5th U.S. circuit court of Appeals. The ruling stated that it was unconstitutional for a jury of an all white people to convict a black man. The ruling went on to say that one African American had to be on a jury when an African American was on trial. This defense tactic by Brown was a legally intelligent thing to do but this actually became the motive for the mob to kill Parker. On Friday April 24th J.P. Walker, Preacher Lee, Crip Reyer and L.C. Davis got into Reyer’s Oldsmobile and they took off on a mission to kill Mark Charles Parker. (3 other cars of men followed) They went to the courthouse/jail in Poplarville and they could not get in. So they went to Jewel Alford’s House (The jail keeper) to get the keys to the Jail. Alford went with the four men to the courthouse. When he got there he went in and down the hall to Sheriff Moody’s office and got the keys to the jail. He opened the door to the jail and Lee, Reyer, Davis, Walker followed Alford into the jail. Alford then opened Parkers cell and Lee and Davis pulled Parker out of the jail and courthouse to the Reyer's Oldsmobile. Alford then left and the men got into the car. The Oldsmobile sped away and the other cars followed.

Cb Prepartions

Exam: 3hours, 19/50 =15. 2/40 (-31) Section A: MCQ (20m) Section B: Choose 2 from 3 Questions (15m each) 1. Describe the type of promotional message that would be most suitable for each of the following personality market segments: (a) highly dogmatic consumers, (b) inner-directed consumers, (c) consumers with high optimum stimulation levels, (d) consumers with a high need for cognition, and (e) consumers who are visualizers versus consumers who are verbalizers. Give an example of a promotional message for each segment.Social character traits have shown that inner and other-directed consumers may have different preferences in terms of promotional messages. Inner-directed people prefer advertisements that stress personal benefits while other-directed people seem to prefer advertisements that feature social acceptance. (a) HIGHLY DOGMATIC CUSTOMERS: It is a personality trait that measures the degree of rigidity (versus openness) that individuals display towards unfamiliar and towards i nformation that is contrary to their own established beliefs. Dogmatism: general tendency to be open or closed to new ideas and innovations.A person who is high in dogmatism approaches the unfamiliar defensively while the person who is low in dogmatism will rarely consider unfamiliar or opposing beliefs. * more receptive is Ads for new products or services that contains an appeal from the authoritative figure. Marketer uses celebrities and experts to their new product advertising for making it easier for the potentially reluctant customers. * Highly dogmatic consumers are likely to respond favorably to a new product when the advertising message is presented in an authoritarian manner (e. g. celebrity endorsement or expert testimonials). * prefer traditional or established products rather than innovative ones. close minded towards unfamiliar and untoward information that is contrary to their own established beliefs * approach such information with considerable discomfort and uncertai nty. promotional message most suitable would be endorsement or appeal from an authoritative figure. * New products need to be presented in an authoritative manner and that celebrities could be employed to reach dogmatic consumers who are more closed minded. For example: Colgate Dental Cream with Doctors and Experts endorsements. Anti-Polio Campaign featuring Amitabh and Sachin Tendulkar also useAuthoritative statements. The Cadbury’s brand took a beatng in sales after the worms were found in somepackets. Dogmatic Consumers stopped purchasing the Brand. Amitabh Bacchhanwas then used as Authority figure to reestablish Brand. b) Inner-directed consumers * tend to use their own values and standards in evaluating a new product * ads aimed at them should depict the attainment of personal achievement and satisfaction. ads that stress product features and benefits, which enable them to usetheir own values and standards in evaluating products * rely on their own inner values or standa rds in evaluating new products and are likely to be the consumer innovators. * other directed customers tend to look to others for guidance as to what is appropriate or what is inappropriate. * be prefer ads that stress product features and personal benefits ( enabling them to use their own values and standards in evaluating products whereas the other * For example: Surf Ad showing Shabana Azmi saving two buckets of water is an example of the same.The latest from Surf Excel is currently running on television. This is the ad where many people are seen walking with two buckets full of water. They then pour it into a large reservoir. At this point none other than Shabana Azmi informs you what a great thing thissaving of water is for the country and implores you to use Surf Excel. * manufacturer of cameras who advertises to inner-directed consumers should stress the ability to take better pictures and the resulting personal satisfaction. c) Consumers with a high optimum stimulation leve l * more open to risk-taking, more likely to be innovative have a greater willingness to take risks, try products with many novel features, and shop in new retail outlets. * likely to respond favorably to promotional messages stressing more rather than less risk, novelty,or excitement. * to seek purchase related information and to accept new retail facilities. * For example: The exciting and exotic Vacation Campaign of Malasia-Truly Asia is positioning of  Airways to sell the Asian Adventures. These enjoy thinking. They are responsive to that part of Ad that is rich in Information. The TATA-AIG Life insurance Ad showing Naseeruddin Shah giving informationthough Q&A will click for them. benefit of new product offering should not only consider functional features but also the risk, novelty and variety that the product offers. * place different promotional emphasis on particular age segments, as it may be worthwhile to reduce perceived risk for a market segment comprised primarily of older people, while it may not warrant it for a younger market segment. d) Consumers with a high need for cognition * ones who often crave or enjoy thinking. * responsive to ads that are rich in product-related information or description and are unresponsive to the auxiliary or contextual aspects of an advertisement. Need for cognition: stable individual difference in tendency to engage in and enjoy effortful cognitive activity. Individuals high in need for cognition enjoy thinking abstractly. * high-NFC individuals are likely to express more favorable ad attitudes, brand attitudes and purchase intention. * more likely to use message content as a basis for judgments * high NFC leads to the generation of inferences about omitted conclusions ), to less memory decay and greater resistance to counterarguments about products), and to longer processing and superior recall for brands and claims individuals who are high in need for cognition would be expected to be critical thinkers, and t o not necessarily accept arguments found in media or elsewhere on face value. * should be more difficult to persuade, a phenomenon that can be investigated several ways. * high-NFC individuals did so only when the signal was accompanied by a substantial price reduction. * process information presented in the media more thoroughly than those who do not enjoy thinking as much, able to retrieve from memory more information * individuals with higher NFC, who are assumed to process information more extensively, would be expected to generate more thoughts. counterarguing and source derogations are prevalent in advertising and that support arguments are critical if persuasive messages are to have a chance of acceptance * high-NFC would be expected to engage in a wide range of media consumption activities, and would not necessarily be expected to differentiate between sources of information, such as news, advertising or entertainment. All would be stimulating. high NFC individuals are more likely to closely scrutinize the arguments contained in any message, campaign strategists must make sure that arguments are strong in order to cope with the higher resistance to messages by this group * appear to be the ones already predisposed to watch or listen to issue, image or financial advertising featuring long copy. The challenge for strategists thus is to enhance the already high motivation of high-NFC indivduals, by highlighting the relevance of messages, and to enhance the ability and opportunities to process such messages. Example: (e) consumers who are visualizers versus consumers who are verbalizers. * Verbal aggressiveness: tendency to insult and attack others' self-concepts to achieve one's objectives in an argument. * Visualisers (i. e. , consumers who prefer visual information, products that stress the visual) * Morning Dew Ad where there is a race with a Cheetah is a visual treat * detailed descriptions and explanations in targeting verbalizers (i. e. , consumers who prefer written and verbal product information). ‘Do the Dew†Verbalizers prefer verbal dimensions to the promotional message. * The Oye Bubbly Jingle of Pepsi is a Verbal treat to the ear, though it conveys nothing much about the product. 2. A marketer of health foods is attempting to segment a certain market on the basis of consumer self-image. Describe the four types of consumer self-image and discuss which segment would be most effective to target for health foods. In Self-concept theory personality is exemplified by the kinds of things with which people surround themselves.The self-concept has shown to be multi-dimensional and encompasses the way a person actually is, the way individuals see themselves, the way a person would like to be, and the way in which individuals think others perceive them. Theories of self-concept have generally focused on two areas in marketing research. In the one, self concept has been applied to the discrepancy between the self and the ideal self as a measure of personal dissatisfaction. In this instance, product use has been related to items that deal specifically with self enhancement.Consumers have four types of image. 1. Actual self image-how consumers in fact see themselves. In Everyday house hold products, they see themselves in Reality. For example,Washing powders Ads would be realistic. Nirma Powder focuses on Housewives ability to get more for less money. 2. Ideal self Image-how consumers would like to see themselves. In case of Fantasy Products, consumers desire to see themselves perfect, as in case of  Women, Fairness or looking Pretty is high on desire list. The fair and Lovely campaign for fairness cream sells this dream. . Social Self Image-how consumers feel others see them. Here there is an inherent fear factor also involved as to how they are being perceived by others. For example Products which position themselves on social front, showing appropriate behaviour at parties etc appeal here. 4. Id eal Social Self image-how consumers would like others to see them. For Example, Aashirwad ready to cook products and Sambhar Masala Product campaign show the desire of Wives to be seen as a great cook by others.However, since they are working or busy, they do not have time to cook themselves. That is when the Brandcomes to rescue. And finally they are seen as Ideal Wives. There are two more categories of Self-image: Expected Self image-how consumers expect to see themselves at some specified futuretime. The ABKING PRO Ad for machine to slim down people hypes this expectation of  individuals that they will slim down and look good in Future. 5. expected self-image (e. g. , how consumers expect to see themselves at some specified future time) . ought-to self (e. g. , consists of traits or characteristics that an individual believes it is his or her duty or obligation to possess). Ought to self image-traits consumer thinks he ought to have. The Ashrwad readymeal Adis a hit for the wiv es feel that good cooking is a trait they ought to have. The expected self-image is somewhere between the actual and ideal self-images. It is somewhat like a future-oriented combination of â€Å"what is† (the actual self-image) and what consumers would like â€Å"to be† (the ideal self-image).Moreover, because the expected self-image provides consumers with a realistic â€Å"opportunity† to change the â€Å"self,† it is likely to be more valuable to marketers than the actual or ideal self-image as a guide for designing and promoting products. In targeting consumers of health foods, the marketer can use the expected self-image to attract consumers who would like to enhance the quality of their lifestyles through better nutrition, and ideal social self-image to appeal to consumers who are likely to adopt health foods due to peer influence and pressure. Advertisers focus on components that make people feel better about themselves.Many decisions based on look ing glass and ideal self–ie. Aspiring to group not yet reached–image appeal Psychographic info enhances demographic info– people individuals 3. How can Toshiba use the diffusion of innovations framework to develop promotional, pricing, and distribution strategies for its computer notebooks targeted to the following adopter categories? a. Innovators b. Early adopters c. Early majority d. Late majority e. Laggards * In term of the nature, there are five major types of innovations: novelty, competence shifting, complexity, robust design and continuous improvement.While in term of the extent of change, innovations can be divided into incremental, radical and transformational models. Innovation deals with the change related to product, service and process, and the innovation management involve people, product, process and technology† * diffusion is defined as a process by which an innovation is communicated through certain channels over time among the members o f a social system * innovation as â€Å"an idea, practice, or object that is perceived as â€Å"new† by an individual or other unit of adoption. * company will usually sell the hardware at a relatively lower price to capture a share of the market, and then charge relatively higher prices for the software to maximize profitability * Based upon the time variable, individuals seeking new innovations are placed into adopter categories, according to the rate of adoption. Rate of adoption is the â€Å"relative speed with which an innovation is adopted by members of a social system. † * the rate of adoption is the relative speed in which members of society adopt an innovation. It is usually measured as the number of people who adopt an innovation within a specified time-line. Some companies have a defensive strategy and aim to follow the leader. Such companies hope to profit from the mistakes of the first-to-market company by devising incremental design and performance impro vements and cost reductions compared with the original product. In addition they hope to exploit the new market that has started to grow, so timing is important. * But it was the major Japanese companies (such as Sony, JVC, Toshiba) that captured a large share of the mass market through reducing the cost of these devices and improving their performance. (a) Innovators: Venturesome [1st group to adopt]Rogers describes innovators as obsessed with being venturesome. They have an interest in new ideas and innovation and have generally very cosmopolitan type social relationships. Innovators generally have communication patterns and friendships among a certain clique of innovators even though their geographic distance between each other may be very significant. Innovators must be very financially secure in order to absorb a possible loss from an innovation that doesn’t turn into fruition. Likewise, an innovator must have a sound educational background, in order to comprehend a comp lex technical terminology.Furthermore, an innovator must be able to cope with a degree of uncertainty whether the innovation will be adopted by society. Ultimately, Rogers believes the innovator takes risks in being the gatekeeper of innovations, but if the innovation is adopted the rewards are high. Early Adopters: Respect [2nd group to adopt] more integrated in the local society than the innovator. Where an innovator is considered a cosmopolite, an early adopter is a localite. Early adopters have the greatest degree of leadership in most localities. Most potential adopters look to the early adopter for advice and information regarding an innovation.Generally, early adopters are respected and considered successful by their peers. The early adopter is the main group that decreases uncertainty of an innovation by adopting it, and then communicating with potential adopters about the idea. Early Majority: Deliberate [3rd group to adopt] Rogers suggest that the early majority group adop ts new innovations just before the average member of society. Members of the early majority frequently interact with people in their society, but usually do not hold key positions of leadership. The early majority is the largest group and make up approximately one-third of members in a society.The early majority follows with deliberate willingness to adopt an idea, but are rarely leaders. Late Majority: Skeptical [4th group to adopt] Rogers states that the members of the late majority adopt innovations just after the average member of society. The late majority also makes up approximately one-third of members in a social system. Members of the late majority are cautious and skeptical about new innovations. Most of the uncertainty surrounding an innovation must be removed before the late majority will adopt the new idea. Laggards: Traditional [last group to adopt]Laggards are the last group in society to adopt a new idea. Generally, they possess almost no positions of leadership with in their community. Laggards’ point of reference is the past, they are very cautious and only make decisions based on what has already been done. Usually, laggards’ educational and financial resources are limited, forcing them to be completely certain the innovation will not fail before they adopt. These are the traditional categories of society members with respect to the adoption of new ideas and innovations. The diffusion of innovations follows a common life cycle. 82 However, the period over which this trend occurs varies greatly due to a number of factors. 183 By the end of the 20th century many of the following innovations were adopted by society at a much greater rate. 184 For example, the PC, Internet, and cell phone, which are all relatively new products, have steeper gradients when compared to automobiles, electricity and traditional telephones. Price is one of the most important factors involved in adoption of consumer products. This pricing policy pattern c an be used to predict the rate of adoption of new innovations.When it comes to consumers’ rate of adoption to innovations, new technologies succeed at a faster rate than replacement technologies. An early adopting individual may decide to adopt in anticipation that the innovation’s rate of adoption will take off in the near future when others adopt, although past diffusion research suggest that most individuals do not adopt an innovation until after learning of their peers’ successful experiences. † The diffusion of an innovation among the consumers can usually be presented by an s-shaped curve.On a frequency basis the adoption over time will normally follow a bell-shaped curve, but when plotted on a cumulative basis the adoption will form an scurve. 9 The s-curve reflects the acceleration of the adoption. At the early stage the curve is rising slowly meaning relatively few adopters pr. time-period (x-axis). At about the middle of the adoption period the a cceleration peaks and then fades as the percentage of adopters goes up. This course of events is typical for the adoption of new technologies. The logic behind this diffusion lies in the actual number of adopters.The early adopters will be a majority compared to the people who have not yet adopted the technology and therefore there are less people to preach the virtues of the new technology to potential adopters. At the point where the adoption process reaches 50 % the number of adopters equals the number of potential adopters, by definition, thus providing maximal acceleration of the adoption. In the last period, adopters outnumber the people who has not yet adopted, and there will be less people to convince to adopt the technology – slowing down the acceleration of the adoption process.The adopters are often divided into adoption groups. These groups are usually formed on the basis of innovativeness, meaning to which degree each individual is willing adopt new technologies, relative to other members of the social system. From this measure individuals can be placed into groups containing a certain range of innovativeness. The distribution is based on a mean and to which degree individuals’ deviate from the mean (standard deviation). Innovators are the first group of adopters and can be associated with the word venturesome.The individuals representing this group are adventurous and often related to entrepreneurial environments. The innovators run the risk that the innovation does not catch on, and thus subject themselves to a potential loss they must be prepared to absorb. Therefore innovators have to live with the uncertainty about the potentials of the technology, which can be viewed upon as the price to pay for being pioneers in a new field – catalyzing the diffusion of new technologies.The early adopters are ready to adopt a new technology when they observe that other individuals has started adopting, and sees the potential for being s ome of the first adopters of a new and promising technology. These individuals are often a more integrated part of the local society than the innovators, and their adoptions are crucial for the technology to take off and get hold of the broad public. For the early adopters the uncertainties about the merits of the new technology are strongly diminished, and can therefore adopt the new technology without running the risk of buying a young and untested technology.This group accounts for about one third of the total number of adopters, and provide the link between the progressive early adopters and the more skeptical later adopters. In the latter half of the spectrum the late majority also represent about a third of the adopters. This group is skeptical to new innovations, and is not willing to adopt, until a lot of other people have adopted before them ensuring the success of the technology and possibly massive network effects. The last 16 % of the adopters, the laggards, often focus on traditional values and base their decisions on past events.They are suspicious of any new inventions to change the way life are traditionally lived, and must be 100 % certain that the technology will prevail before they are willing to adopt. From a consumers’ point of view it is essential to think about the decisions of future adopters when choosing what technology to go with. The decisions of previous adopters are on the other hand a know factor and plays a role for the decision also. So does the structure of the market, i. e. which technologies are available at the time of adoption, compared to potential superior technologies that could be available in the future.Recent findings indicate that there is a lack of willingness to wait by the early adopters. 11 This high priority of being among the very first users of a new technology is said to inflict negative externalities on the later adopters. These later adopters can be forced to adopt an inferior technology to make sur e that they are compatible with the technologies of the early adopters, or they might be forced to give up compatibility to get a superior technology. That said the diffusion of new technologies is often strongly dependent on the choices of the early adopters.

Mind over Matter

Mind over matter The concept of the connection between the brain and body has been discussed around the world for quite a while. Many people have used holistic medicine and find it better than traditional medicine. I do believe that these techniques are legitimate, effective methods of therapy due to its positive results without using pills and the variety of options in its treatments. It is proofed that is possible to reduce or even eliminate  pain, illness and disease by using the  natural powers it process. According to Psysoma Clinic, people are seeking holistic medicine because they are concerned about their physical bodies.There are many options in holistic medicine that elicits changes in your body and its efficiency proven by its results gain all over the years. For example: Focus your mind in meditations and positive thoughts and feelings; Set time aside to do something that you like to do even when you are busy doing activities for the purpose of pleasure; Set one achie vable goal for each day and congratulate yourself on your success and so on. By using these techniques you will have greater effective results in curing diseases and pain.While medical professionals are focus on identifying and treating symptoms through physical means such as drugs and surgery, the Holistic therapy will address the underlying emotional and psychological connection between mind-body connections. To most doctors, the immune system was regarded as an autonomous entity, operating independently of the mind and behavior, which is the opposite of holistic medicine. In conclusion, holistic medicine is the best treatment option than conventional medicine; its efficiency is proven by the results and it is demonstrated all over the years. Mind over Matter Mind over matter The concept of the connection between the brain and body has been discussed around the world for quite a while. Many people have used holistic medicine and find it better than traditional medicine. I do believe that these techniques are legitimate, effective methods of therapy due to its positive results without using pills and the variety of options in its treatments. It is proofed that is possible to reduce or even eliminate  pain, illness and disease by using the  natural powers it process. According to Psysoma Clinic, people are seeking holistic medicine because they are concerned about their physical bodies.There are many options in holistic medicine that elicits changes in your body and its efficiency proven by its results gain all over the years. For example: Focus your mind in meditations and positive thoughts and feelings; Set time aside to do something that you like to do even when you are busy doing activities for the purpose of pleasure; Set one achie vable goal for each day and congratulate yourself on your success and so on. By using these techniques you will have greater effective results in curing diseases and pain.While medical professionals are focus on identifying and treating symptoms through physical means such as drugs and surgery, the Holistic therapy will address the underlying emotional and psychological connection between mind-body connections. To most doctors, the immune system was regarded as an autonomous entity, operating independently of the mind and behavior, which is the opposite of holistic medicine. In conclusion, holistic medicine is the best treatment option than conventional medicine; its efficiency is proven by the results and it is demonstrated all over the years.

2013 US Economic Stability Essay Example

2013 US Economic Stability Essay Example 2013 US Economic Stability Essay 2013 US Economic Stability Essay 2013 US Economic Stability BY Avtgnau2014 The legacy of this country for the past 8-10 years has been our constant plummeting into fiscal crisis. To say the least, for the United States, fiscal policy is a struggle, possibly the bane of every presidents existence-except for Bill Clinton, the money game seemed to work out really well for him on a national level. But now we shake our heads at the headlines in the newspapers and at the television news stories. Because you will hear the debate all the way from Washington about the government shutdown, the US debt, the debt ceiling, and our lack of budget for the past 6 years. Wall Street Journal, did a piece, U. S. Wont Just Bump Head on Ceiling, describing the estimated financial impact of the government shutdown on the United States. First of all he says, it doesnt help things that Americans in general are not exactly eager to find out how this could hurt the economy overall. Using the 1995-96 shutdown as a guideline, economists figure the shutdown will shave 0. 1 -0. 2% of GDP off the fourth quarter. Now take the debt ceiling; it is essentially impossible to predict by how much the economy will be effected-but the assessment is unanimous-it would be bad, very bad. The only semblance of a clue ave is the buckled markets in 2011 in terms of more government borrowing and raising the debt ceiling. And the more Congress flirts with default, the more dangerous capital participants are not taking chances. Each day of the government shutdown is naturally dragging down the economy further and growth is tepid at best. Now economists are estimating only a 2% annual growth rate, with inflations readings so low that the slightest trip up in the economy would trigger massive deflation. And if the Treasury defaults on its debts? Well, the US holds the most liquid assets in the world-the US Treasury-and turn it nto cash. The US dollar would be doubted and a repeat of the 2008 crisis would make a haunting return. The article reads very highly thought with complex estimations and massive fiscal scenarios from the past, however the basic principles of economics remain. 1) Government Policies Can Change Spending. The government has not passed a budget so they do not have a concrete idea of where funds should be distributed and therefore insist on borrowing extreme amounts of money to compensate for their lack of fiscal responsibility, hence our current predicament of raising the debt ceiling. 2) Overall Spending Sometimes Gets Out of Line with the Economys Productive Capacity. This is reason for our debt-we are spending more than we are taking in; and by increasing government spending to Jump start the economy, mounting debt makes investors nervous and unwilling to invest. 3)9. When Markets Dont Achieve Efficiency, Govt Intervention Can Improve Societys Welfare. Because of our debt and poor currency programs to take care of the gaps; but this responsibility entrusted to the creates an uncertain market economy because so much of it is now controlled by one entity, the government. )Resources should be used as Efficiently as Possible to Achieve Societys Goals. The US currency, our liquid assets must be used efficiently to achieve a stable market economy. By defaulting our currency and threatening to default on our debt, it is only weakening the resources values the we have. In this case I happen to agree. I am no economist, am not even an economics major at a university. But the scenario he is describing here is common sense people. Of course a government shutdown is bad for the economy! The government is both a consumer and a supplier in the US economy-a HUGE one. iminating one of the largest, if not the largest producer and seller of goods and services, not to mention the supreme law and order of the land is going to freak out people and people invest in the market-and when people are too scared to invest hole only gets deeper. As for the arguments on the debt ceiling increase, I dont know whether to laugh or cry; only the US government would sit down and question whether or not it was in the peoples best interest to pay off 17 trillion dollars in debt, or borrow more. I may not be that great at math, but even I know the math conomy no matter how big or small, is to make a profit,one would think the US government would act in accordance to that principle. So my predictions are they are going to end up raising the debt ceiling, we will pay off our debts with borrowed money, and until the President drafts a budget and sends it to the senate, this economy is going to be shaky for quite awhile. I addition to looming student loans to pay off, my fellow classmates and I will be writing checks to start to dig us out of the hole. you sir are right. I so did not want to knowhow badly this would hurt the economy.

Make a Living Writing Books Building Multiple Income Streams for Authors

Make a Living Writing Books Building Multiple Income Streams for Authors Make a Living Writing Books: Building Multiple Income Streams for Authors Making a living writing is 100% possible and more so now than it ever has been beforeyou just have to know how to get there.If my doctor told me I had only six minutes to live, I wouldnt brood.Id type a little faster.- Isaac AsimovIt is every writer’s dream: to make a living writing the kind of books you love to read.But, can really earn an income if you self-publish a book? Is it realistic?This is how to make a living writing:Is making a living writing possible?Learn why authors fail to make a living writingBuild your author platformScale assets and multiple income streamsUse the multiple book modelExpand your book formatsScale income streamsBuild an email list of raving fansBecome a full-time authorNOTE: We cover everything in this blog post and much more about the writing, marketing, and publishing process in our VIP Self-Publishing Program. Learn more about it hereYou may have heard that most writers- Self-published and traditional- are starving artists who never make mor e than $1000 a year.The stories are true. Many writers starve. But many sell a lot of books and do very well, if they stick with it and build multiple income streams.I’ll just get this out of the way right now. Writing a book is hard work. Creating a sustainable platform with several income streams is harder. But, if this were easy, everybody would be doing it. Making a living from your writing is definitely worth it and, as a writer who wants to earn cash online from their craft, it is one of the most rewarding achievements you will experience in the self-publishing business.If you are an aspiring writer, or have already published and want to scale up your book business, find writing jobs, or even write for online publications, let’s dive into how to turn your words into income (Yes, it can be done!).I don’t know what starving authors are doing but, in this post, I’ll show you how to earn a living writing books through creating multiple income streams.Yo u will see that it is definitely possible.You can become the top 10% that make money from your books and write from Starbucks, the beach, or that cabin in the woods everyone keeps talking about. Making a Living as a Writer is PossibleBefore the Internet became a thing, the path of a writer was a long, and often frustrating profession, guaranteeing nothing even after years of committed writing.You have heard the stories of famous authors rejected multiple times before getting published.Gone with the Wind by Margaret Mitchell- rejected 38 times before it was published.Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance by Robert M. Pirsig- rejected 121 times before it was publishedAgatha Christie had to wait four years before getting publishedDune by Frank Herbert- rejected 23 times before it was published.As an INDIE author, the days of sifting through rejection slips are over.You write, you publish, and you build your own book business like Jenna Moreci did creating her full-time author and Y outube business where she now gets to spend her days doing what she loves.Check out an interview we conducted with her about how she did it: Or, you build a business from a book. Either way, your writing is the gateway to a better life that you create and have total control over. If you are an author that wants to earn a living writing books, let’s dive into the nitty-gritty of how to make that work.But first†¦Why Authors Fail to Make a Living WritingDo you know why most authors only earn a few thousand dollars a year or less from their writing?Here are 4 reasons authors fail to make a living writing:They only write one book. You need momentum with your book platform to generate enough monthly sales to support your lifestyle. This is possible with building out a library of books and maximizing on the earning power for each. We will look at this more later.They don’t stay current with shifting publishing trends. The self-publishing industry is constantly changing. If you aren’t staying current with what is working (and what has stopped working) your book sales plummet and you don’t reach as wide an audience as you’d like.They stick with one platform as the only source for earning income. Many authors stay with Amazon only. This makes sense considering they have 85% of the market for ebooks. And Amazon’s exclusivity program, KDP Select, makes it easy to sign over all power to the online digital giant. However, if you keep your eggs in one basket, what happens when that basket falls out of the tree? In other words, Amazon decides to make a major change to their platform overnight and, within a week, your monthly royalties get cut in half. Yes, it happens as we see time and time again.They don’t invest in the quality of their product. Poorly designed book covers, sloppy editing, a boring book descriptionequals a product nobody wants. If you want to make a living writing books, invest in your book (particularly getting a good book cover) so that it sells.Bottom line: Write and publish consistently, write high-quality books people want to buy, expand your reach by publishing across multiple platforms, and stay up-to-speed on the latest marketing strategies that are working.This is the formula most successful self-published authors are using to make money with writing.Build Your Author Platform to Make Money WritingYou, as an author and creator, needs to form the mindset that this is your business- your book business. Regardless if you are a part-time author looking to make some extra income, or your goal is to be a full-time author, when you start making money from your â€Å"hobby†, you are turning it into a business.When it comes to creating income from writing, it boils down to one word: Platform.Your author platform is the structure of your writing career. It should consist of multiple income streams. This begins with your platform.According to Michael Hyatt, bestselling author o f Platform and Free to Focus, a platform is, â€Å"The means by which you connect with your existing and potential fans. It might include your company website, a blog, your Twitter and Facebook accounts, an online video show, or a podcast. It may also include your personal appearances as a public speaker, musician, or entertainer.†As a writer, even if you are writing a book for the first time, think about what your platform means to you. This will become the structural foundation that your writing author business is built on.If you want to make a living writing fiction or nonfiction, the approach to how you structure your income streams are similar, although the content is different.What drives your platform, however, is the one thing that many overlook: Your author mindset. From now on, approach your craft with the mindset that this is your business.Like every business, you have to be focused on the customer experience and products available to those customers. Delivering th e right product, in this case the book they are looking for, is how to convert the curious customer into a paying one.Components of an Author PlatformYour author platform is made up of:A Catalogue of Books: This consists of published books, and all variations of the book including paperback, hardcover, large print and audiobooks. Your books, aside from bringing in consistent revenue, act as funnels for building your subscribers list and promoting your other products. Your books could be stand-alone reads, as many nonfiction titles are, or a series of thrillers.Email list: This is your list of raving fans that have given you permission to contact them by providing you with their email address. Your email list is at the heart of making a living, not just as an author but, anyone who is building an online platform.Wide Distribution Model: As a self-published author, Amazon may be where you make 80% of your income. But if you have more than three books available, you want to consider op ting out of Amazon’s KDP Select program and publishing wide with other platforms such as aggregators Draft2Digital, PublishDrive and Kobo. Set your print books up for sale through IngramSpark. You can tap into a huge international market that, not only will drive your book sales but, open up opportunity for international foreign rights. Courses: As an author you could develop courses based on the content of your books. For example, take a look at what Lise Cartright has built through her platform Hustle Groove. Picture a multitude of courses available for when browsers or subscribers come to your site for the first time. Building online courses is a great way to expand this platform.Website: A critical piece of your writing business is your author website. This where you stage all of your talent. You might have an author blog that brings in leads for your books and courses.You could create content that you don’t publish on Amazon and make it exclusive to your website only. You can cross promote with other authors and set up an autoresponder email funnel to build a deeper relationship with your readers.Your author website should include these basic features:A free offer: This is free content a new subscriber downloads after opting in.Featured blog posts: Your blog is an asset and potential income stream as it brings in leads through visitor traffic.Course platform: Highly recommended. These are great assets to build out and easy to scale up.About page: Make a dynamic introduction here.Scalable Assets and Multiple Income StreamsLet’s get to my favorite topic: Creating multiple income streams to grow your business!This is what I love about self-publishing. You are at the helm of your own ship and you, and only you, get to choose the direction to take.We know that, if we write and publish lots of books, potentially our library of books grows and this generates strong passive income.But relying on book sales only is a lot of work, and it is mo re work if you are selling on just one platform, Amazon.Check out how our very own coach Lise Cartwright has built her passive income stream with books (and how she can teach you to do the same when you become a student): As an authorpreneur, a self-publisher who writes and publishes their own books, you want to always be thinking creatively how to expand your income streams.Let’s take a look at the list below for book assets.Book seriesBoxsetsAudiobooksPaperbacksHardcover booksLarge print booksMaking a Living Writing with the â€Å"Multiple Book ModelLet’s be honest. Making money from one book can be very difficult. Most authors who earn a living as a successful writer have several, if not many, books in the pipeline.These authors not only publish consistently but, are focused on delivering a series of books to build a valuable fan base.The people buying your book series, once they are hooked into your series, crave more. This makes it a no-brainer for scaling up you r author platform with every new book launch.The more books you publish, the more income you can potentially earn and add more subscribers to your list. For example, check out this popular book series:S.J. Scott’s Habit Book Series or Mindfulness Book Series with Barrie Davenport.Mark Dawson’s John Milton Series. He is now up to book #12 and this popular series has sold a million copies.Nick Webb’s popular sci-fi series Legacy FleetHal Elrod’s The Miracle Morning Series booksWe know that publishing consistently brings in more money and builds your platform over the long-term. But why does this model work?Your readers love new material, and so does Amazon. When your platform is active with new book releases, sales and reviews coming in consistently, the algorithm is â€Å"switched on† to help you sell more by pushing your books into the higher-traffic channels.As your platform continues to scale up, your platform grows.It might be slow at first, and you feel like you’re doing a lot of writing without any gains, butthat is the way it is when you begin to build.Most fiction authors start to see a return on investment after the 4th or 5th book in a series. For nonfiction, this could happen sooner but, I certainly experienced a big shift after launching my 5th book Relaunch Your Life.Another reason multiple books work is, new readers discovering you are almost always going to buy your other books if they like what they read. If that same reader likes your books, maybe he or she wants the course you are offering as well at 20% off.Expanding Book Formats to Make More Money from Your BooksDont just settle for publishing in a single format.Were covering the several different types of book formats you can publish in that will increase your income from writing over time.#1 BoxsetsA boxset is a series of books bundled together allowing readers to purchase the series at a reduced cost per book. This is a great product to create as soon as you have 3 or more books in a series.Check out these boxsets by popular authors:Mortality Bites Boxed Set (Books 1 6): An Urban Fantasy Epic Adventure by Ramy VanceNoah Wolf Box Set #1: Books 1-4 by David Archer#2 AudiobooksThe popularity of audiobooks is on the rise. With less people reading and tuning into digital products while on the run, audiobooks is an income stream you can’t afford to leave on the table. You can record the audiobook yourself or hire a professional. Once recorded, upload to ACX, Audible and expand into other channels for wide distribution through Find Away Voices.#3 PaperbacksWe live in the digital age but, paperbacks are still massively popular. In fact, 30% of my author revenue still comes through paperback sales.With the power of Print-on-Demand, readers can buy our books through Amazon or IngramSpark, and these sites do all the heavy lifting. No inventory.#4 Hardcover BooksYou can use IngramSparks’ powerful distribution network to create stunning hardcover versions of your book. Why not? It’s another income stream that, once set up, sells itself. You have to pay a fee of $49.00 per title and you’ll need an ISBN for each version of the book.#5 Large Print BooksDid you know you can offer readers another version of your book in large print form? This isn’t a huge market but, depending on the age range of your readers, a great option for children’s books or readers with impaired vision.Ideally, you are not just selling a book. You are converting a browser into a lifelong customer. That is the real power of building a brand and an author platform.Right now, take a few minutes to map out a rough plan for your book platform. How many books will you write this year? Is this a series of books or stand-alones? How far apart will you publish your books? Could you compliment your book by introducing a course to go with it?Creating Scalable Income StreamsSuccessful 6-figure authorpreneur J oanna Penn accounts for her success to multiple income streams she calls â€Å"scalable assets† that bring in thousands of dollars every month.Check out how she does it in the video below: In essence, a scalable asset can be anything you create once and continue to sell over and over again.For example, you put in over a hundred hours to write a book. Now, if you were being paid $30 an hour to write, that would be $3000 to you after the work is done. But let’s say your book sells at $4.99 as an ebook, and $12.99 for the paperback.You consistently sell 30 eBooks a day at a 70% royalty rate, because your book is priced between $2.99 and $9.99. The paperback priced at $12.99 earns a fixed 60% royalty rate through KDP. That is roughly 182.00 per day for ebook and paperback sales.Now, this continues for 30 days and that is: 185.0030=$5,550. Now, I calculated this just for one book if it does really well. Imagine where you could be with five, ten or twenty books each generati ng their own passive income streams?How about if you had audiobooks as well? What about foreign rights sales? A course that goes with the book?Get the idea now.Yes, the dream is very real. It is right in front of you, if you want it!How can you scale up your author business right now?How many assets can you create over the next six months?Build an email list of raving fansIf you haven’t started building an email list yet, you need one. Without a fan base to market your books to in the initial book launch phase, you are left to the mercy of the Amazon algorithm. Your list is the horde of fans waiting for your book release.When you get ready to launch your next bestseller, these are the people who will help you to make it a smashing success.A successful book launch is critical. When you Sell More Books, this is a trigger to Amazon that your book is popular and in demand. Amazon steps in to push your book into the also-bought section, the area that recommends popular items to cu stomers when browsing.How do you create an email list?You can start with offering a free gift inside your book.This is a lead magnet that could be a:ChecklistAction GuideAudiobookFree ReportVideo SeriesYour readers give you their email by signing up (what Seth Godin calls â€Å"Permission marketing) and they get added to your newsletter list. This is one of the most effective ways to sell books and continue to add to your subscribers list.Your list is happy because they get to join you on the journey as you keep them in the loop on every writing project. Then, when close to launching, you can invite them to your launch team and offer the book for free to a segment of your list.This helps to secure book reviews during launch week. In turn, your book sales flow in and your book has a stronger chance of sticking in the marketplace after the initial 30-days is over.Remember: From the day your book is published, Amazon puts all books in â€Å"new releases† category. It is critica l you maximize paid downloads and reviews during this 30-day period for the long-term success of the book.Ready to Become a Full-Time Author?Okay, you don’t have to be full time to still make money selling your books. But to make money at this, there are three things you should do consistently.Here is a list of three action items that you, as a real author, can take to scale up your platform, sell more books, and earn good money while you sleep.#1 Form a writing habitI write every morning from 5:30- 7:00. This is a consistent schedule I have kept for the past 3 years and during this time I wrote and launched 12+ books.Developing a writing habit is crucial if you want to make a living writing. If you still have a day job (and most people do) you’ll need to find the time of day works best for you, establish your most productive writing time and make this a habit of creating content during this peak time.Once you’ve established your best time for writing, write co nsistently for five days a week. #2 Publish consistentlyIf you follow the steps above and write with consistency, you can publish frequently, too.Imagine where your (fiction or nonfiction) platform would be if you put out a book every 3-4 months. This is how you create scalable income. Do the work now and reap the rewards later.#3 Communicate with your fanbaseWe looked at the importance of an email list and why you need one. When you are getting ready to launch, you want to be able to shout it out to someone who is listening.Your team of dedicated email subscribers are ready to help you launch bestseller after bestseller. But, communicating with your list is critical in between book launches.At the very least, send out an email once every two weeks, and if you can, once a week. Provide tips, strategies, or an update on what you are working on.Keep your tribe in the loop!#4 Determine Your Level of SuccessYou have to work out the details of what your success means to you.How many i ncome streams can you build, and what are they? Will you focus on the wide distribution model, or stay exclusive with Amazon?This is different for every writer and depends on what you are comfortable with in terms of time and financial investment.Stay focused on the big picture and scale up gradually. With every new book, you are generating potential to earn more and gain wider recognition as an author. If you write one book and focus all your efforts on this, think of other income streams to tie in with your book and the kind of fan base you want to build. Will you offer coaching? Courses? Outsource your tech skills to help other authors?You are an author, and now is the best time to make a living as a writer.Take the First Step Toward Making a Living WritingChandler Bolt created a training focusing on exactly the steps above. In fact, hes built this very 8-figure business on the back of his 6 bestselling books.If anyone knows how to make a living (and then some) writing, its Chand ler.