Theory of Coping Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Theory of Coping - Essay Example These models include the Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustment and Adaptation, the Developmental Health Model, the Framework of Systemic Organization, the Roy Adaptation Model, and the Neuman Systems Model. While these have been successful in aiding family members through the coping process, they do not focus specifically or solely on the coping processes utilized by patients in intensive care and their relatives. An evidence-based theoretical model is a necessary continuation of nursing research. A further understanding of the coping methods that relatives utilize during the acute stages of the patient's illness may allow health care professionals to predict and prevent difficulties during the recovery period. Johansson et al. (2006) posited that this theoretical coping model must contain both the ICU-stay and home recovery in order to facilitate the distinction of possible maladaptive coping methods and to assist in the choice of effective nursing interventions. To follow is a discussion and analysis of the theory formulated by Johansson et al. (2006) as well as a discussion regarding the relevancy and application of this theory. In their 2006 study, Johansson et al. ... ought to develop a theoretical model of the coping methods of family members during the patient's ICU stay and the following recovery process by performing an analysis of concepts that were elicited from two empirically based, theoretical studies. The researchers defined a relative as a close acquaintance or friend. The theoretical model of the relative's coping methods was inductively derived during the time between 2004-2005 and was based on theories that were produced from the aforementioned empirical studies. A university ethics committee then approved these studies (Johansson et al., 2006). The researchers defined inclusion criterion as adult relatives of adult patients that had been on mechanical ventilation in an ICU (Johansson et al., 2006). In order to refine and combine multiple coping concepts from both the ICU-stay and the recovery period in a unified theoretical coping model, the researchers used simultaneous concept analysis that was in accordance with previous studies. Johansson et al. (2006) utilized the simultaneous concept analysis in order to explain all concepts simultaneously providing definitions that were mutually exclusive of one another while focusing on dynamics of their interrelationships and overall characteristics. The researchers utilized several procedures in order to achieve their goals. First, they developed a consensus group that included individuals that could contribute a particular proficiency and were willing to compromise and aid in the creation of a theoretical coping model (Johansson et al., 2006). The researchers then developed the concept clarification strategy that involved choosing which particular concept clarification method should be utilized regarding the concepts of coping that were selected from the two

Literature on Holocaust Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Literature on Holocaust - Essay Example It is also helpful to refer to analysis of the works by each of these authors to help determine how they affected society and how they changed it. Through analysis of several works, elements such as characterization, plot, setting, theme and structure will be studied. The Holocaust coincides with World War II, and was started with Hitler's invasion of Poland on September 1, 1939 (Saldinger, 6). The original problem, though, began several years earlier. In January of 1933, Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany, which had a Jewish population of 566,000. Soon after, in March, Hitler was given dictatorial powers. Concentration camps were slowly evolving from the ghettos which they once were, and Jews were gradually being prohibited from a variety of things, including owning land and being newspaper editors. Hitler continued to make alliances with other nations, which eventually helped him to be able to persecute many other people besides those in the lands he ruled (Holocaust Timeline). Several days after the Nazis invade Poland, England and France declare war on Germany, as they wisely chose not to ally with Hitler. February 12, 1940 marked the first deportation of German Jews into Poland, which was already occupied. Two short months later, Denmark and Norway were invaded. Other lands continue to be invaded by Hitler and his Nazi regime, with many Jews being sent to concentration camps to live the last few months of their lives. On April 30, 1945, Hitler committed suicide. On the same day, Americans freed 33,000 people from camps, marking the beginning of the end of the Holocaust (Holocaust Timeline). Memories of the horror of seeing people die every day have remained with all three of the previously mentioned authors. In their writing, they have used a variety of elements to successfully recall these experiences. Elie Wiesel, in particular, is widely known because of his amazing sense of honesty that is displayed through his Night Trilogy. Wiesel did not try to cover the brutality of events that occurred, but rather gave a detailed description so as to leave an acting impression on the reader. However, this impact was not meant to be one of guilt. Instead it was to ensure that readers would not let an event anything like the Holocaust occur again. He used images of young, dying children and adults being burned to death to convey his themes. The novel itself is actually an autobiography, though there are elements of fiction present throughout. After his experiences, Wiesel "dedicated his life to preserving the memory of the Holocaust victims," which proves to be the basis for all of his writing ("Wiesel's Night Recalls the Holocaust, 1956"). Born in Transylvania in 1928, Wiesel received a thorough Jewish education and it was thought by his parents that he would later be a proficient rabbi. In 1944, Nazis invaded his hometown and he was taken to Auschwitz, which is where his gruesome story really began. In the end, Elie and two sisters survived but, along with two hundred thousand other Jews, the rest of his family died. The original version of Wiesel's novel And the World Remained Silent appeared in Yiddish in 1956. Two years later, he translated the book to French and changed the title to Night. Eventually, it was expanded to include two of his other works and became known as the Night Trilogy. In 1960, it was published in English, adding to the eventual list of